13 Nov aniline production from nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene is reduced to aniline by Sn and concentrated HCl. Filed Jan. 10, 1961, Ser. An evaporator tube fed with water is situated in the vessel and withdraws the reaction heat of about 900 Kcals per kg. Patent N00 3 l36 8l8 June 9 1964 Heinrich Sperber et all It is hereby certified that error a ent requiring correction and that th corrected below ppears in the above numbered pate said Letters Patent should read as Column 2 line 56, for "100-250 read 10 O*-250% Signed and sealed this 10th day of November 1964., ERNEST W, SWIDER EDWARD J., BRENNER Anesting @fficer Commissioner of Patents. Aniline salt is given from this reaction. Attempts have been made to overcome the said difficulty by using a large excess of hydrogen in order to lead away the heat. The life of the catalyst before it needs regeneration is 400 to 600 hours and the total life is 7 months. United States Patent 3,136,818 PRODUCTION OF ANILINE Heinrich Sperher and Guenter Poehler, Lndwigshafen (Rhine), Hans .loachim Pistor, Mannheim, and Anton Wegerich, Lirnhurgerhof, Germany, assignors to Badische Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik Ahtiengesellschaft, Lndwigshafen (Rhine), Germany N0 Drawing. ), 6.1 Mergers & Acquisitions, Joint Ventures, Collaborations, and Agreements, 6.3 Strategies Adopted by Leading Players, 7. Since, ~90% of the nitrobenzene is used as a precursor to aniline. It has also been proposed to carry out the reaction in a fluidized layer. Another object of the invention is. The vessel walls may similarly be provided with a cooling jacket. Then aqueous NaOH is added to the aniline salt to get released aniline. Germany is among the leading producers of aniline in the European region. The country is also the largest manufacturer of paints, coatings, dyes, inks & pigments in Europe with more than 300 companies. Through these nozzles, 800 kg. The throughput of nitrobenzene is from 0.1 to 10, especially 0.2 to 3, kilograms per liter of catalyst volume per hour. The latter is returned through a preheater to the process with the aid of a circulating pump. of water. Or the whole amount of hydrogen can be introduced from below and the nitrobenzene alone introduced into the fluidized layer at the different heights. If you have questions or need more information, our experts are ready to help. Depending on the size of the reaction chamber and the height of the fluidized layer, the initial material may be introduced at two, three, four or more different heights, and introduction may be effected, for example, through nozzles. © 2020. This page looks in outline at the preparation of phenylamine (also known as aniline or aminobenzene) starting from benzene. The market is segmented by Application (Aniline Production, Dyes & Pigments, Pesticides, Intermediate in Pharmaceuticals, and Others), and Geography (Asia-Pacific, North America, Europe, South America, and Middle East & Africa). Nitrobenzene Market – Growth, Trends, and Forecast (2020 - 2025), Others (including Solvent, explosives Etc.). The demand for aniline is continuously increasing due to the consumption of MDI. At the beginning, the catalyst is reduced, the air first being driven out from the reaction vessel by introducing nitrogen and then the catalyst being reduced with hydrogen at a temperature between 200 and 250 C. After reduction of the catalyst, the working pressure in the vessel is adjusted to 5 atmospheres gage and then the injection of liquid nitrobenzene through the two-component nozzles in finely divided form is begun with the aid of the amount of hydrogen necessary for the reduction, namely 3.1 mols per mol of nitrobenzene. Part of this amount of catalyst can be replaced by fresh or regenerated catalyst prior to its return. The invention is illustrated by but not limited to the following examples. The catalyst consists of particles having a diameter of 0.2 to 0.3 mm. Cooling means arranged within the catalyst chamber have diminished this disadvantage without obviating it. of liquid nitrobenzene per hour together with 1400 cubic meters (S.T.P.) In the case of very high fluidized layers, the distance may be several meters. However, it is also possible to withdraw part of the catalyst continuously or periodically and to replace it by fresh and/ or regenerated catalyst so that the process can be carried out continuously. Chemours uses the power of chemistry to create better, reliable solutions. At a height of 0.5 meter above the grate four nozzles are situated, after another 0.5 meter another four nozzles and after a further 0.5 meter three nozzles. US3136818A US81678A US8167861A US3136818A US 3136818 A US3136818 A US 3136818A US 81678 A US81678 A US 81678A US 8167861 A US8167861 A US 8167861A US 3136818 A US3136818 A US 3136818A Authority US United States Prior art keywords catalyst hydrogen nitrobenzene vessel aniline Prior art date 1960-01-15 Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Similar results are obtained by using 7% of nickel instead of copper and 10% of molybdenum instead of chromium, barium and zinc. of nitrobenzene and 1120 cubic meters (S.T.P) of fresh hydrogen are supplied per hour with the aid of a pump to the two-component nozzles in uniform distribution. therefrom are arranged in the lower twothirds of the quiescent catalyst layer. This will add up to the demand for aniline and nitrobenzene. A cyclone is provided in the upper part of the vessel to separate entrained catalyst. New technologies—powered by chemistry—will emerge to deliver these essentials. Major factors driving the market studied increasing demand for aniline, easy availability of raw materials, and growing construction activities in Asia Pacific regions. It is majorly produced by the catalytic hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene. Cooling tubes parallel to the vessel wall and at a distance of 30 cm. Pressures of more than 4, especially 5 to 10 or more, e.g., 10 to 25 atmospheres, are preferred. The carriers may be treated with bromine, iodine, fluorine or chlorine. The production of these catalysts is known and is not a feature of the present invention. 3,136,818 Patented June 9, 1964 is effected by leading a mixture of hydrogen and nitrobenzene over the catalyst present in the fluidized bed at the reaction temperature. Higher pressures, for example 100 to 300 atmospheres, may also be used. The aniline produced through the process indirectly finds application in several end users, including construction and automotive. The major players involved in the production of nitrobenzene including BASF SE, Huntsman Corporation and Covestro AG are vertically integrated, indicating their domination in the manufacturing process of aniline and MDI. It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline in which the use of a large excess, of hydrogen is unnecessary. The total life of the catalyst is 4 months. Yield is about 60-70 g. Synthesis of aniline [2] Into a 500-mL round bottomed flask equipped with a reflux condenser place 25 g (21 mL, 0.25 mol) of nitrobenzene and 45 g (0.38 mol) of granulated tin. they produce nitrobenzene, aniline and MDI itself. No. They may be applied to carriers, such as alumina, natural or synthetic silicates of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, iron, manganese, or titanium, pumice, iron oxide, magnesia, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, throium oxide or mixtures thereof. The reaction temperature is kept between 200 and 400 0., preferably between 250 and 300 C. A tube nest containing a heat-absorbing liquid is provided in the vessel for heat withdrawal. The Chemours Company is a leading producer of aniline intermediates and derivatives. By simple distillation it is obtained with a purity of nearly 100% and a content of nitrobenzene of less than 0.01%. In this process, nitrobenzene is reduced to Aniline. The gas can be passed through the vessel at a high velocity so that part of the catalyst is always withdrawn and can be cooled and returned. Around 75-80% of downstream product aniline is used in the production of MDI. IN A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ANILINE BY HYDROGENATION OF NITROBENZENE WITH A SUBSTANCE SELECTED FROM THE CLASS CONSISTING OF HYDROGEN AND A HYDROGEN-CONTAINING GAS IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST IN A FLUIDIZED LAYER, THE IMPROVEMENT OF INTRODUCING THE INITIAL MATERIAL TO BE HYDROGENTAED IN AT LEAST PARTLY LIQUID PHASE INTO THE FLUIDIZED LAYER JAT A PLURALITY OF POINTS AT LEAST SOME OF WHICH ARE AT DIFFERENT HEIGHTS AND ARE SEPARATED FROM EACH OTHER BY A VERTICAL DISTANCE OF AT LEAST 0.3 METER.
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